Posted by Hugh on March 18, 2019, at 14:33:36
In reply to Hugh, probiotic question, posted by beckett2 on March 17, 2019, at 23:10:59
I found this:
The afferent neurons of the vagus nerve are the targets by which neuroactive bacteria such as L. rhamnosus and B. longum transmit microbial messages to the brain. The vagus nerve contains 80 and 20 percent of afferent and efferent fibers, respectively. A healthy microbiota produces copious amounts of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, which directly activate afferent vagal terminals and send messages from the gut to the brain. (3) However, live bacterial species are not the only requirement for bacterial vagal nerve stimulation. As evidenced by B. fragilis, a lipid-free polysaccharide is both necessary and sufficient for activation of vagal afferent neurons. (4) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are expressed on vagal afferent fibers and can sense bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to activate both the afferent fibers and the brain. (5)
Complete article:
poster:Hugh
thread:1103622
URL: http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/alter/20180212/msgs/1103624.html